physics

Assignment#1(physics)

1.Coulombs law-The interaction between charged objects is a non-contact force that acts over some distance of separation. Charge, charge and distance. Every electrical interaction involves a force that highlights the importance of these three variables.

2. Electricity-- is the set of physical phenomena associated with the presence and flow of electric charge. Electricity gives a wide variety of well-known effects, such as lightning, static electricity, electromagnetic induction and electrical current.

3. electric current-- is a flow of electric charge. In electric circuits this charge is often carried by moving electrons in a wire. It can also be carried by ions in an electrolyte, or by both ions and electrons such as in a plasma.

4. An elastic modulus, or modulus of elasticity,- is a number that measures an object or substance's resistance to being deformed elastically (non-permanently) when a force is applied to it.

5. proton -is a subatomic particle, symbol p or p+, with a positive electric charge of +1e elementary chargeand mass slightly less than that of a neutron. Protons and neutrons, each with mass approximately one atomic mass unit, are collectively referred to as "nucleons". One or more protons are present in the nucleus of anatom. 

6. newton- is the Standard International (SI) unit of force. In physics and engineering documentation, the term newton(s) is usually abbreviated N.

7. electron (symbol: e−) is a subatomic particle with a negative elementary electric charge. Electrons belong to the first generation of the lepton particle family, and are generally thought to be elementary particles because they have no known components or substructure.

8. electronic circuit- is composed of individualelectronic components, such as resistors, transistors, capacitors, inductors and diodes, connected by conductive wires or traces through which electric current can flow.

9. Ohm's law- states that the current through a conductor between two points is directly proportionalto the potential difference across the two points. Introducing the constant of proportionality, theresistance,^[1] one arrives at the usual mathematical equation that describes this relationship:

10. Magnetism -is a class of physical phenomena that are mediated by magnetic fields. Electric currents and the fundamental magnetic moments of elementary particles give rise to a magnetic field, which acts on other currents and magnetic moments.

11. insulator- is a material whose internal electric charges do not flow freely, and therefore make it very hard to conduct an electric current under the influence of an electric field.

12. conductor- is an object or type of material that permits the flow of electric charges in one or more directions. For example, a wire is an electrical conductor that can carry electricity along its length.

13. A magnetic field- is the magnetic influence of electric currents and magnetic materials. The magnetic field at any given point is specified by both a directionand a magnitude (or strength); as such it is a vector field.

14.  magnetic flux- (often denoted Φ or ΦB) through a surface is the surface integral of the normal component of the magnetic field B passing through that surface. The SI unit of magnetic flux is the weber (Wb) (in derived units: volt-seconds), and the CGS unit is the maxwell.

15. Electronics- deals with electrical circuits that involve active electrical componentssuch as vacuum tubes, transistors, diodes and integrated circuits, and associated passive electrical components and interconnection technologies.

16.the law ofmagnetisism-.

·         Like poles repel and unlike poles attract each other. This is the universal rule of magnets.   ·         Equality of poles of magnets: As the molecules are arranged in the lines of magnetized state of a substance, there are like poles on either side of the neutral region. The pole strength at the two ends of a magnet is always equal in magnitude but opposite in nature.   ·         Inseparability of poles: If a bar magnet is actually cut into two parts, each part becomes an independent magnet having two opposite poles.   ·         Retention of magnetization: Long bar magnets retain their magnetism longer than short bar magnets, e.g., Horse-shoe and U-shape magnets. A magnet with enlarged pole pieces forming closed rings in round or square metal cases retain their magnetization for a longer time.   ·         Demagnetization of magnets:  en a magnet is subjected to hammering, heating or twisting, or any such raw handling, its strength is impaired because such actions partially break down the linear arrangement of molecules. However, such demagnetized magnet can be re-mWhagnetized.   ·         Safe custody of magnets: Magnets are kept in pairs with two ends of the pieces of soft iron strips called ‘keepers’ placed across them. It helps to complete the magnetic circuit so there are no free poles to lose their strength.